摘要： 多源单汇路由是无线传感器网络的关键问题之一，当所有节点都执行感知任务时，网络流量具有漏斗效应。距离Sink远的节点流量小，距离Sink近的节点由于需要转发大量数据，流量较大，容易产生拥塞。从最小生成树与宽度优先搜索树的特点出发，提出基于动态负载均衡树的路由算法。该算法在初始宽度优先搜索树的基础上，通过嫁接与局部调整树结构的方式，使流量在子树间动态均衡。对Sink位于不同位置的网络进行仿真，结果表明基于动态负载均衡树的路由算法在负载均衡度及能耗方面均占优。

关键词: 无线传感器网络, 负载均衡, 嫁接, 能耗

Abstract: Multi-source and single sink routing is one of the critical problems in wireless sensor networks. When all nodes are engaged in sensing task, the traffic of network is characterized with filler effect. The traffic of nodes that far away from sink is small, while those near the sink are huge. Based on the features of minimum spanning tree and breadth first search tree, it proposes a dynamic load balanced tree protocol, which changes the structure of initial breadth first routing tree through engrafting and local adjusting, so as to balance traffic among each sub tree. Simulation experiments with different sink locations are made. And the result indicates that the proposed routing protocol outperforms its counterparts in load balance degree as well as energy dissipation.

Key words: wireless sensor networks, load balance, engraft, energy dissipation

中图分类号: 

• TP393