摘要： 基于Windows操作系统的计算机，难以满足长时间、大数据量的实时稳定测量与控制要求。针对该问题，在反射差分光谱仪的电子控制部分，提出基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的实时控制与数据采集系统设计方案。采用硬件描述语言和NiosII软核处理器系统相结合的设计方式，实现FPGA与计算机、探测器的高速USB通信，与角度编码器的同步串行通信，以及探测器和角度编码器之间的精确同步控制等功能，完成角度数据和光谱数据的实时采集。实验结果表明，该系统的同步控制和数据采集性能较好，仪器的实时性能提升显著。
关键词:
现场可编程门阵列,
实时数据采集,
USB通信,
同步串行通信,
同步控制,
硬件描述语言,
NiosII软核处理器
Abstract: Real-time measurement and control under mega data condition and with long-term stability is a hard task for a computer with Windows operating system. The current electronic control part in the reflectance difference spectrometer meets the same problem. To improve its real-time capability, a design based on Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) development board is proposed. The technique of NiosII softcore from Altera is used to build a control platform for performing high speed USB communications among FPGA board, computer, and detector. Functions for synchronizing the working point between detector and encoder and reading data from encoder are realized in a Verilog Hardware Description Language(VHDL) file, which is integrated in the softcore platform as a module. Experimental results show that the new controller meets the requirements of real-time capability and multi-task control. A frame with softcore processors and self-programmed functional modules is a reasonable solution for on-board control in scientific instruments.
Key words:
Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA),
real-time data acquisition,
USB communication,
synchronous serial communication,
synchronization control,
Hardware Description Language(HDL),
NiosII softcore processor
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