QUIC传输机制与应用综述

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0065493

摘要/Abstract

摘要： QUIC作为与TCP并行的新兴传输协议，在传统传输协议的基础上改进了诸多特性，如0-RTT数据传输、多流并发、热插拔拥塞控制等。由于QUIC具有安全、公平、兼容且高性能等特性，被业界认为将在未来网络的New IP构想中替代TCP成为新一代传输协议。QUIC协议经过近6年的研究已经完成标准化，其间研究人员提出多种针对不同应用场景的开源实现和测试开发工具，也针对QUIC在现实网络中的应用进行了大量探索。从QUIC的特征机制以及开源实现出发，阐述QUIC协议从出现到标准化这期间的开发历程，归纳QUIC与TCP在传输特性方面的差异性，并分析QUIC在广泛应用部署过程中存在的性能短板。针对这些短板，从协议设计、协议部署、I/O优化处理这3个方面列举当前已有的典型优化实现方法。进一步探究QUIC的传输特性，从不同版本开源QUIC之间的性能对比、互操作和功能验证等3个方面进行总结和归纳，并对QUIC协议在当前网络生态中的相关应用进行举例分析。在此基础上，针对QUIC应用在New IP构想中的未来优化方向加以展望。

关键词: IETF标准化, 开源实现, 传输特性, 优化设计, 典型应用

Abstract: Quick UDP Internet Connection（QUIC），as an emerging parallel transmission protocol within TCP，has improved many features based on traditional transmission protocols，such as 0-RTT data transmission，multi stream concurrency，and hot plug congestion control.Due to its characteristics of security，fairness，compatibility，and high performance，QUIC is considered by industry as a replacement of TCP for next-generation transmission protocols in the future Network 2030 and the Future of IP（New IP） concept of networks.After nearly 6 years of research，the QUIC protocol has been standardized. During this period，researchers have proposed various open-source implementation and testing development tools for different application scenarios and have conducted extensive exploration of the application of QUIC in real networks.Started from the characteristic mechanism and open-source implementation of QUIC，the development process of the QUIC protocol is elaborated from its emergence to standardization，the differences in transmission characteristics between QUIC and TCP are summarized，and the performance shortcomings of QUIC regarding its widespread application and deployment are analyzed. To address these shortcomings，typical optimization implementation methods that are currently available are considered from three aspects：protocol design，protocol deployment，and I/O optimization processing. To further explore the transmission characteristics of QUIC，a performance comparison between different versions of open source QUIC，interoperability，and functional verification is performed，and the relevant applications of the QUIC protocol in the current network ecology are analyzed. On this basis，prospects for future optimization of the QUIC application within the New IP concept are proposed.

Key words: IETF standardization, opensource implementation, transmission characteristics, optimal design, typical application

中图分类号:

TP393

王继昌, 吕高锋, 刘忠沛, 杨翔瑞. QUIC传输机制与应用综述[J]. 计算机工程, 2023, 49(6): 1-12.

WANG Jichang, Lü Gaofeng, LIU Zhongpei, YANG Xiangrui. Review on QUIC Transmission Mechanism and Application[J]. Computer Engineering, 2023, 49(6): 1-12.

http://www.ecice06.com/CN/Y2023/V49/I6/1

图/表 9

20230615153809

20230615153813

20230615153816

20230615153819

20230615153824

20230615153829

20230615153833

20230615153836

20230615153842

参考文献

[1] HASCALL S,OLAF K.Discussion paper:an analysis of the "New IP" proposal to the ITU-T[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/doc/2020/discussion-paper-an-analysis-of-the-new-ip-proposal-to-the-itu-t/.
[2] IYENGAR J,THOMSON M.QUIC:a UDP-based multiplexed and secure transport[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/id/draft-ietf-quic-transport-29.html.
[3] THOMSON M.RFC 8999:version-independent properties of QUIC[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8999.html.
[4] THOMSON M,TURNER S.Using TLS to secure QUIC[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9001.
[5] BISHOP M.Hypertext transfer protocol version 3(HTTP/3)[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-quic-http-34.html.
[6] BENET J.IPFS-content addressed,versioned,P2P file system[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.3561.
[7] YIN C Q,CHEN Z H,HU Y H,et al.Fine-grained transmission optimization of large-scale Web VR scenes[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2019:209-214.
[8] STANDARD O.MQTT version 3.1.1[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.
[9] IYENGAR J,SWETT I.RFC9002:QUIC loss detection and congestion control[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9002.
[10] LANGLEY A,RIDDOCH A,WILK A,et al.The QUIC transport protocol:design and Internet-scale deployment[C]//Proceedings of the Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication.New York,USA:ACM Press,2017:183-196.
[11] RESCORLA E.The Transport Layer Security(TLS) protocol version 1.3[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-tls-rfc8446bis-03.html.
[12] MICHEL F,DE CONINCK Q,BONAVENTURE O.QUIC-FEC:bringing the benefits of forward erasure correction to QUIC[C]//Proceedings of IFIP Networking Conference.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2019:1-9.
[13] SCHARF M,KIESEL S.NXG03-5:head-of-line blocking in TCP and SCTP:analysis and measurements[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Globecom.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2007:1-5.
[14] DE CONINCK Q,MICHEL F,PIRAUX M,et al.Pluginizing QUIC[C]//Proceedings of ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication.New York,USA:ACM Press,2019:59-74.
[15] YANG X R,EGGERT L,OTT J,et al.Making QUIC quicker with NIC offload[C]//Proceedings of the Workshop on the Evolution,Performance,and Interoperability of QUIC.New York,USA:ACM Press,2020:21-27.
[16] CARLUCCI G,DE CICCO L,MASCOLO S.HTTP over UDP:an experimental investigation of QUIC[C]//Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing.New York,USA:ACM Press,2015:609-614.
[17] YU Y J,XU M W,YANG Y.When QUIC meets TCP:an experimental study[C]//Proceedings of the 36th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2018:1-8.
[18] KAKHKI A M,JERO S,CHOFFNES D,et al.Taking a long look at QUIC:an approach for rigorous evaluation of rapidly evolving transport protocols[C]//Proceedings of 2017 Internet Measurement Conference.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2017:290-303.
[19] SEEMANN M,IYENGAR J.Automating QUIC interoperability testing[C]//Proceedings of the Workshop on the Evolution,Performance,and Interoperability of QUIC.New York,USA:ACM Press,2020:8-13.
[20] QUIC IETF working group implementations[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://github.com/basedrafts/wiki/Implementations.
[21] 赵喜全,刘兴奎,邵宗有,等.基于FPGA的TOE网卡设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2011,37(3):241-243,247.ZHAO X Q,LIU X K,SHAO Z Y,et al.Design and implementation of TOE network interface card based on FPGA[J].Computer Engineering,2011,37(3):241-243,247.(in Chinese)
[22] DE CONINCK Q,BONAVENTURE O.Multipath QUIC:design and evaluation[C]//Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies.New York,USA:ACM Press,2017:160-166.
[23] 张晗.卫星网络中超文本传输协议的性能研究[D].南京:南京大学,2018.ZHANG H.Research on the performance of hypertext transfer protocol in satellite network[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2018.(in Chinese)
[24] CARDWELL N,CHENG Y,STEPHEN G C,et al.BBR:congestion-based congestion control[J].Queue,2016,14(5):20-53.
[25] JUNG J,AN D.Access latency reduction in the QUIC protocol based on communication history[J].Electronics,2019,8(10):1204.
[26] WANG P,BIANCO C,RIIHIJÄRVI J,et al.Implemen- tation and performance evaluation of the QUIC protocol in Linux kernel[C]//Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Modeling,Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems.New York,USA:ACM Press,2018:227-234.
[27] QUIC-KIT[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://github.com/winters123/quic-measurement-kit.
[28] HAY J,MACHNIKOWSKI M,BOWERS G,et al.Accelerating QUIC via hard-ware offloads through a socket interface[C]//Proceedings of the Technical Conference on Linux Networking.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2019:1-6.
[29] EGGERT L.Towards securing the Internet of things with QUIC[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://eggert.org/papers/2020-ndss-quic-iot.pdf.
[30] FORD A,RAICIU C,HANDLEY M,et al.Architectural guidelines for multipath TCP development DRAFT-IETF-MPTCP-architecture-05[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-mptcp-architecture/05/.
[31] QUIC-go.A QUIC implementation in pure go[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://github.com/lucas-clemente/quic-go.
[32] 孙雪冬,王家满,王建新,等.无线网络中MPTCP拥塞控制算法性能评估[J].计算机工程,2017,43(7):129-135.SUN X D,WANG J M,WANG J X,et al.Performance evaluation of MPTCP congestion control algorithms in wireless networks[J].Computer Engineering,2017,43(7):129-135.(in Chinese)
[33] Christian Huitema[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://github.com/private-octopus/picoquic.
[34] SENAPATHI S,HERNANDEZ R.TCP offload engines[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://www.easics.com/tcp-offload-engine/.
[35] ROGAWAY P.Authenticated-encryption with associated-data[C]//Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security.New York,USA:ACM Press,2002:98-107.
[36] Quant[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://github.com/NTAP/quant.
[37] RIZZO L.Netmap:a novel framework for fast packet I/O[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/atc12/atc12-final186.pdf.
[38] QUICshell[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://github.com/ravinet/mahimahi/tree/quicshell.
[39] Maxime Piraux.QUIC-tracker Web application[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://quic-tracker.info.ucl.ac.be.
[40] MARX R,SEEMANN M,LAINÉ J.The IETF ID documents for the qlog format[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://github.com/quicwg/qlog.
[41] Robin Marx.qvis toolsuite code[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://github.com/quiclog/qvis.
[42] DAS S R.Evaluation of QUIC on Web page performance[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/91444#:~:text=Using%20QuicShell%2C%20we%20evaluate%20the%20strengths%20and%20weaknesses,pages%20with%20small%20objects%20and%20HTTPS-enabled%20Web%20pages.
[43] KHARAT P K,REGE A,GOEL A,et al.QUIC protocol performance in wireless networks[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2018:472-476.
[44] PIRAUX M,DE CONINCK Q,BONAVENTURE O.Observing the evolution of QUIC implementations[C]//Proceedings of the Workshop on the Evolution,Performance,and Interoperability of QUIC.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2018:8-14.
[45] PAHDYE J,FLOYD S.On inferring TCP behavior[J].ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review,2001,31(4):287-298.
[46] MARX R,LAMOTTE W,REYNDERS J,et al.Towards QUIC debuggability[C]//Proceedings of the Workshop on the Evolution,Performance,and Interoperability of QUIC.New York,USA:ACM Press,2018:1-7.
[47] MARX R,HERBOTS J,LAMOTTE W,et al.Same standards,different decisions:a study of QUIC and HTTP/3 implementation diversity[C]//Proceedings of the Workshop on the Evolution,Performance,and Interoperability of QUIC.New York,USA:ACM Press,2020:14-20.
[48] MARX R,PIRAUX M,QUAX P,et al.Debugging QUIC and HTTP/3 with qlog and qvis[C]//Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop.New York,USA:ACM Press,2020:58-66.
[49] QUIC InteropRunner[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://github.com/marten-seemann/quic-interop-runner.
[50] QUIC InteropRunner 2020[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://interop.seemann.io.
[51] KRASIC C,BISHOP M,FRINDELL A.QPACK:header compression for HTTP[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-quic-qpack-21.html.
[52] TREVISAN M,GIORDANO D,DRAGO I,et al.Measuring HTTP/3:adoption and performance[C]//Proceedings of the 19th Mediterranean Communication and Computer Networking Conference.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2021:1-8.
[53] ORTEGA V,MONSERRAT J F.Semantic distributed data for vehicular networks using the inter-planetary file system[J].Sensors(Basel,Switzerland),2020,20(22):6404.
[54] Caddy server[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://caddyserver.com/.
[55] FERNÁNDEZ F,ZVEREV M,GARRIDO P,et al.Even lower latency in IIoT:evaluation of QUIC in industrial IoT scenarios[J].Sensors(Basel,Switzerland),2021,21(17):5737.
[56] KUMAR P,DEZFOULI B.Implementation and analysis of QUIC for MQTT[J].Computer Networks,2019,150:28-45.
[57] DPU[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2020/05/20/whats-a-dpu-data-processing-unit/.
[58] IBANEZ S,MALLERY A,ARSLAN S,et al.The nanoPU:redesigning the CPU-network interface to minimize RPC tail latency[EB/OL].[2022-07-05].https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12114.
[59] LIN J X,PATEL K,STEPHENS B E,et al.PANIC:a high-performance programmable NIC for multi-tenant networks[C]//Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation.New York,USA:ACM Press,2020:243-259.
[60] RUSSELL R.Virtio[J].ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review,2008,42(5):95-103.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容