Research on Age of Information of Wireless Sensor Network Status Update System Based on Energy Harvesting

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0063096

Abstract

Abstract: The performance of sensor networks in traditional Internet of Things(IoT) systems is restricted by the irregularity of natural energy and the size of sensor batteries.By combining the advantages of radio frequency and non-radio frequency signal Energy Harvesting(EH) and by deploying cellular networks, network resources such as channels can be obtained.An IoT information status update system composed of a wireless EH and transmission subsystem, a cellular backhaul subsystem, and a wireless sensor status update subsystem is proposed.The Markov Chain(MC) and MC state transition matrix of the discrete energy state of the Energy Harvesting and Transferring Beacon(EHTB) are constructed, and a statistical description of the steady-state probability and waiting time of the energy transfer of the EHTB is obtained.The closed-form expressions of the average Peak Age of Information(PAoI) and the average Age of Information(AoI) are derived by comprehensively considering cellular backhaul establishment and the EHTB energy transmission process.On this basis, the effects of system parameters such as natural energy arrival probability, energy transmission probability, and sensor size on the average PAoI and AoI are analyzed, and the average PAoI and AoI with and without cellular backhaul and Maximum Ratio Combination(MRC) are compared.The simulation results show that although cellular backhaul will increase the average PAoI and AoI of the system, the MRC can reduce the average PAoI and AoI.When the energy arrival probability is 0.6, the MRC can reduce the impact of cellular backhaul on the average AoI by nearly 20%.Compared with a traditional IoT system, this system can provide continuous power for sensors and establish reliable backhaul links.

Key words: wireless communications, wireless energy transmission, cellular backhaul, Energy Harvesting(EH), Age of Information(AoI)

摘要： 传统物联网系统中的传感器网络性能受自然能源不规则性和传感器电池尺寸的制约，结合射频和非射频信号能量采集（EH）的优点并部署蜂窝网络，可以获得信道等网络资源。提出一种由无线能量采集与传输子系统、蜂窝回程子系统、无线传感器状态更新子系统构成的物联网信息状态更新系统。构建能量采集和传输基站（EHTB）离散能量状态的马尔可夫链（MC）和MC状态转移矩阵，得到EHTB的能量转移稳态概率和等待时间的统计描述。综合考虑蜂窝回程建立和EHTB能量传输过程，推导出平均峰值信息年龄（PAoI）和平均信息年龄（AoI）的闭式表达式。在此基础上，分析自然能量到达概率、能量传输概率、传感器尺寸等系统参数对平均PAoI和AoI的影响，并比较有无蜂窝回程和最大比合并（MRC）下的平均PAoI和AoI。仿真结果表明，虽然蜂窝回程会增加系统的平均PAoI和AoI，但是采用MRC可以降低平均PAoI和AoI，当能量到达概率为0.6时，采用MRC能够使蜂窝回程对平均AoI的影响降低近20%，相较传统的物联网系统，该系统可以为传感器持续供电，同时建立可靠的回程链路。

关键词: 无线通信, 无线能量传输, 蜂窝回程, 能量采集, 信息年龄

CLC Number:

TN929.5

HAO Zhenchao, JIA Xiangdong, CHEN Zhi, XU Jin. Research on Age of Information of Wireless Sensor Network Status Update System Based on Energy Harvesting[J]. Computer Engineering, 2022, 48(11): 257-265.

郝振超, 贾向东, 陈智, 许晋. 基于能量采集的WSN状态更新系统信息年龄研究[J]. 计算机工程, 2022, 48(11): 257-265.

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