Research on Age of Information of WSN Status Update Systems with Nonlinear Energy Harvesting

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0065249

Abstract

Abstract: To overcome the energy constraints of traditional Wireless Sensor Networks（WSN），a Short Packet Communication（SPC） network model with relay-assisted energy provision is built.The end-to-end approximate Signal-to-Noise Ratio（SNR） of the system under Amplify-and-Forward（AF） protocol is analyzed.The end-to-end packet transmission error probability is obtained by combining outdated Channel State Information（CSI） and SPC.To accurately reflect the realistic delay between channel estimation and actual information relay transmission and the nonlinear characteristics of electrical components in the Energy Harvesting（EH） circuit，outdated CSI is considered with nonlinear EH.By analyzing the outdated CSI and nonlinear EH of the sensor，a statistical description of the full recharging time of the sensor and an analytical expression for the average Age of Information（AoI） of the system are obtained.Finally，a trade-off model of the AoI to Energy Efficiency（EE） is established，and the optimal state update block length is obtained.The numerical results show that increasing the transmitter power of the sensor，channel correlation coefficient，and code length of the state update reduces the system's AoI.When the energy conversion efficiency is 0.7，the channel correlation coefficient from 0.6 to 0.7 reduces the system's average AoI by 13%.

Key words: Short Packet Communication（SPC）, outdated Channel State Information（CSI）, nonlinear Energy Harvesting（EH）, Age of Information（AoI）, Energy Efficiency（EE）

摘要： 针对传统无线传感器网络性能受能量制约的问题，建立中继协助供能的短包通信网络模型，分析放大转发协议下系统端到端近似信噪比，结合过时信道状态信息和短包通信获取端到端包传输错误概率。为准确反映真实场景中信道估计时刻与实际中继传输信息时刻存在一定的延时，以及能量采集电路中电器元件的非线性特征，联合考虑过时信道状态信息和非线性能量采集，得到传感器完全充电时间的统计描述以及系统平均信息年龄的解析表达式。分析系统总能量效率，引入平均信息年龄与系统能量效率的比值来权衡系统年龄和能量，取得最优的状态更新码长。数值结果表明，增加传感器发射功率、信道相关系数和状态更新码长均会降低系统的平均信息年龄，当能量转换效率为0.7时，信道相关系数从0.6增至0.7可使系统平均信息年龄降低13%。

关键词: 短包通信, 过时信道状态信息, 非线性能量采集, 信息年龄, 能量效率

CLC Number:

TN929.5

HAO Zhenchao, JIA Xiangdong, CHEN Zhi, XU Jin. Research on Age of Information of WSN Status Update Systems with Nonlinear Energy Harvesting[J]. Computer Engineering, 2023, 49(5): 198-205,214.

郝振超, 贾向东, 陈智, 许晋. 非线性能量采集的WSN状态更新系统信息年龄研究[J]. 计算机工程, 2023, 49(5): 198-205,214.

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