WSN中基于区域感知的改进AODV路由协议

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0066062

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

AODV路由协议是无线自组网中的经典协议，适用于无线传感器网络（WSN）。但是该协议在路由发现阶段通过跳数建立路径，导致网络拥塞严重、部分节点过早失效以及活动路由频繁断裂，从而引起传输时延延长、路由开销增大、网络寿命缩短等问题。针对WSN中能量分布不均衡以及对邻居节点依赖性强的特点，提出基于区域感知的改进AODV路由协议。在路由发现阶段，引入QoS需求参数中的时延作为路径主权重，并计算区域变化率对路径主权重产生的正负增益，采用最优路径选择算法选取权重最小的路径，并将其作为最优路径。在路由维护阶段，通过计算区域能量和节点距离，丢弃区域中质量较差的节点，减少冗余拓扑和链路故障现象的发生。实验结果表明，相比传统的AODV协议，该协议的端到端时延和路由开销分别降低47.73%和48.00%，分组转发率和网络生存时间分别提升6.97%和14.80%。

关键词: 无线传感器网络, AODV路由协议, 区域感知, 邻居节点, 最优路径

Abstract:

The AODV routing protocol is a classic protocol in wireless ad hoc networks that is suitable for Wireless Sensor Network(WSN).However, the protocol establishes the path through the number of hops in the routing discovery phase, which leads to serious network congestion, premature failure of some nodes, and frequent breaking of active routes, which causes transmission delay extension, routing overhead increase, network life reduction, and other problems. Aiming at the characteristics of unbalanced energy distribution and strong dependence on neighbor nodes in WSN, an improved AODV routing protocol based on region awareness is proposed. In the routing discovery stage, the delay in the QoS requirement parameter is introduced as the path sovereignty weight, and the region change rate is calculated to perform positive and negative gains on it. The optimal path selection algorithm is used to select the path with the smallest weight and use it as the optimal path. In the routing maintenance phase, by calculating the energy and node distance of the region, the low-quality nodes are discarded, which reduces the occurrence of redundant topology and link failures.The experimental results show that, compared to the traditional AODV protocol, the end-to-end delay and routing overhead of the proposed protocol are reduced by 47.73% and 48.00%, respectively.The packet forwarding rate and network lifetime are improved by 6.97% and 14.80%, respectively.

Key words: Wireless Sensor Network(WSN), AODV routing protocol, region awareness, neighbor node, optimal path

杨敏, 张玲华. WSN中基于区域感知的改进AODV路由协议[J]. 计算机工程, 2023, 49(8): 130-136.

Min YANG, Linghua ZHANG. Improved AODV Routing Protocol Based on Region Awareness in WSN[J]. Computer Engineering, 2023, 49(8): 130-136.

http://www.ecice06.com/CN/Y2023/V49/I8/130

图/表 8

图1 路由发现过程

Fig.1 Process of routing discovery

图2 路由维护过程

Fig.2 Process of routing maintenance

图3 第i个节点的邻居节点变化示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of changes of neighbor nodes of node i

图4 节点收到RREQ的流程

Fig.4 Procedure of node receiving RREQ

图5 不同协议的端到端时延对比

Fig.5 End to end delay comparison among different protocols

图6 不同协议的分组投递率对比

Fig.6 Packet delivery rate comparison among different protocols

图7 不同协议的路由开销对比

Fig.7 Routing overhead comparison among different protocols

图8 不同协议的网络生存时间对比

Fig.8 Network lifetime comparison among different protocols

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