基于分簇的双簇首水下传感器网络时间同步算法

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0053850

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水下传感器的时间同步会受到节点移动、传播时延、能耗等因素的影响，陆地传感器的时间同步算法无法直接应用于水下环境。综合考虑水下通信的特点，提出一种基于分簇的双簇首辅助时间同步算法。基于节点能耗和深度对其进行分簇，从簇中选取2个最优节点作为主副簇首，引入节点移动模型以减小节点移动性造成的计算误差，并使用移动信标节点完成簇首间的同步。在此基础上，利用双簇首对普通节点进行同步，并考虑声速动态变化对同步性能的影响。仿真结果表明，与TSHL、MU-Sync、multi-hop、D-Sync等算法相比，该算法的能耗较低，同步精度较高。

关键词: 水下传感器, 分簇, 双簇首, 时间同步, 时钟频偏

Abstract: Time synchronization algorithms for a terrestrial environment cannot be directly used in an underwater environment,as time synchronization of underwater sensors is influenced by many factors,including movement of nodes,transmission delay and energy consumption.This paper comprehensively considers the characteristics of underwater communication and proposes a cluster-based time synchronization algorithm using dual cluster heads.The algorithm clusters nodes according to their energy consumption and depth,and selects two optimal nodes for each cluster as the primary and secondary cluster heads.Then a model for node movement is introduced to reduce the calculation error caused by node mobility,and the mobile beacon node is used to complete the synchronization of cluster nodes.On this basis,dual cluster heads are used for synchronization of common nodes,considering the influence of the dynamically changing sound speed on synchronization performance.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has lower energy consumption and a higher synchronization precision than TSHL,MU-Sync,multi-hop and D-Sync algorithms.

Key words: underwater sensor, cluster, dual cluster heads, time synchronization, clock frequency offset

中图分类号:

TP393

孔维全, 刘广钟. 基于分簇的双簇首水下传感器网络时间同步算法[J]. 计算机工程, 2020, 46(2): 214-220,229.

KONG Weiquan, LIU Guangzhong. Cluster-based Time Synchronization Algorithm Using Dual Cluster Headsfor Underwater Sensor Network[J]. Computer Engineering, 2020, 46(2): 214-220,229.

http://www.ecice06.com/CN/Y2020/V46/I2/214

图/表 10

20200218143128

20200218143132

20200218143136

20200218143139

20200218143143

20200218143146

20200218143151

20200218143156

20200218143159

20200218143203

参考文献

[1] CUI Hongyu,ZHANG Youwen,LIU Xin.The simulation and emulation platforms of underwater acoustic sensor networks[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE/OES China Ocean Acoustics Symposium.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2016:1-5.
[2] CHEN Keyu,MA Maode,CHENG En,et al.A survey on MAC protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks[J].IEEE Communications on Surveys and Tutorials,2014,16(3):1433-1447.
[3] ZHOU Zhong,PENG Zheng,CUI Junhong.Scalable localization with mobility prediction for underwater sensor networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2011,10(3):335-348.
[4] ELSON J,GIROD L,ESTRIN D.Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcast[C]//Proceedings of the 5th Synposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation.Berkeley,USA:USENIX Association,2002:147-163.
[5] GANERIWAL S,KUMAR R,SRIVASTAVA M B.Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks[C]//Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems.New York,USA:ACM Press,2003:138-149.
[6] MAROTI M,KUSY B,SIMON G,et al.The flooding time synchronization protocol[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems.New York,USA:ACM Press,2004:39-49.
[7] SYED A A,HEIDEMANN J.Time synchronization for high latency acoustic networks[C]//Proceedings of 2006 IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2006:1-12.
[8] CHIRDCHOO N,SOH W S,CHUA K C.MU-Sync:a time synchronization protocol for underwater mobile networks[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Workshop on Underwater Networks.New York,USA:ACM Press,2008:35-42.
[9] LIU Jun,ZHOU Zhong,PENG Zheng,et al.Mobi-Sync:efficient time synchronization for mobile underwater sensor networks[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2010:1-5.
[10] LU F,MIRZA D,SCHURGER C.D-Sync:doppler-based time synchronization for mobile underwater sensor networks[C]//Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Workshop on Under Water Networks.New York,USA:ACM Press,2010:1-8.
[11] FENG Xiaoning,WANG Zhuo,ZHU Xiaolong,et al.Doppler auxiliary time synchronization algorithm for underwater acoustic sensor network[J].Journal on Communications,2017,38(1):9-15.(in Chinese) 冯晓宁,王卓,朱晓龙,等.多普勒辅助水下传感器网络时间同步机制研究[J].通信学报,2017,38(1):9-15.
[12] WEI Juyi,ZHANG Jianjun,WEI Zhenchun.An energy-balanced and low-overhead WSN time synchronization algorithm[J].Computer Engineering,2016,42(12):5-10.(in Chinese) 魏炬熠,张建军,魏振春.一种能量均衡的低开销WSN时间同步算法[J].计算机工程,2016,42(12):5-10.
[13] ZHAO Liang,LIANG Qilian.Optimum cluster size for underwater acoustic sensor networks[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Military Communications Conference.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2006:1-5.
[14] WANG Fei,WANG Liming,HAN Yan.Study on the clock synchronization of underwater acoustic sensor networks based on the clustering technology[J].Computer Measurement and Control,2014,22(12):4207-4209.(in Chinese) 王飞,王黎明,韩焱.基于分簇技术的水下传感器网络的时钟同步研究[J].计算机测量与控制,2014,22(12):4207-4209.
[15] XU Ming,LIU Guangzhong.Research on cluster-wise time synchronization protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks[J].Application Research of Computers,2013,30(8):2476-2479.(in Chinese) 徐明,刘广钟.水声传感器网络中成簇时间同步协议研究[J].计算机应用研究,2013,30(8):2476-2479.
[16] YANG Bozhen.Research on time synchronization techniques in underwater acoustic sensor networks[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2014.(in Chinese) 杨博真.水下传感器网络时间同步技术研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[17] CUI Haiwei.Study on time synchronization algorithm of marine sensor network[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University of Science and Technology,2015.(in Chinese) 崔海伟.海洋传感器网络时间同步算法研究[D].青岛:青岛科技大学,2015.
[18] CARUSO A,PAPARELLA F,LUIZ F M.The meadering current mobility and its impact on underwater mobile sensor networks[C]//Proceeding of the 27th Conference on Computer Communications.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2008:2198-2206.
[19] ZHOU Xianwei,WEI Wei,QIN Boping.Research on time synchronization in wireless sensor networks[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2006,19(1):20-29.
[20] TIAN Chen,JIANG Hongbo,LIU Xue,et al.Light-weight time synchronization protocol for high resource-constrained networks[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Communications.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE Press,2009:14-18.
[21] GUO Ying.Energy attenuation-based time synchronization for mobile underwater sensor networks[J].Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications,2012,19(Sup):57-64.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容