车载毫米波网络中IRS辅助的多跳V2V链路选择

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0067048

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多跳车辆与车辆(V2V)通信可以有效改善车载毫米波网络的连通性和覆盖范围，但是多跳转发会带来时延开销。智能反射面(IRS)可以提供反射增益以补偿远距离传输的高路径损耗，从而增加单跳传输距离，减少转发跳数。利用IRS辅助多跳V2V通信，能够减少转发跳数，降低时延开销。针对现有链路选择机制大多忽略转发车辆之间资源和信号冲突的问题，为车载毫米波网络中IRS辅助的多跳V2V通信提出一种基于向前转发效率和空间复用时分多址接入(FE-STDMA)的链路选择机制。综合转发距离、链路质量和传输时间评估候选链路的向前转发效率，将其作为链路选择的依据。在链路选择中利用空间复用实现并发传输，通过时分接入缓解转发资源冲突问题，从而最大化网络资源利用率。仿真结果表明，FE-STDMA机制的多跳时延相比于NFP机制平均降低49.88%，交付率远高于MFR和RFP机制，相比于NFP机制平均提高11.11%。与常用链路选择机制相比，FE-STDMA机制可在保证交付率的同时大幅改善多跳时延。

关键词: 车载网络, 毫米波, 多跳V2V通信, 智能反射面, 链路选择

Abstract:

Multi-hop Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication can effectively improve connectivity and network coverage in mmWave vehicular networks, at the expense of delay overhead. An Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) can provide reflection gain to compensate for the high path loss in long-distance transmission, thus increasing the single-hop transmission distance and reducing the number of hops. Utilizing IRS in multi-hop V2V communication, can reduce the number of forwarding hops and latency overhead. To address the problem of ignoring resource and signal conflicts among vehicles often manifested by existing link selection mechanisms, in this study, a link selection mechanism based on Forwarding Efficiency and Spatial reuse Time Division Multiple Access (FE-STDMA) is proposed for IRS-assisted multi-hop V2V in mmWave vehicular networks. This mechanism evaluates the forwarding efficiency of candidate links by integrating the forwarding distance, link quality, and transmission time. The candidate link selection adopts spatial reuse to enable concurrent transmissions. Time division multiple access is used to alleviate resource conflict problems and maximize the utilization of network resources. Simulation results show that the multi-hop delay of the FE-STDMA mechanism is reduced by an average of 49.88% compared to that of the Nearest with Forward Progress (NFP) mechanism, and the delivery ratio is increased by an average of 11.11% compared to that of the NFP mechanism, which is much higher than those of the Most Forward with Fixed Radius (MFR) and the Random Forward with Progress (RFP) mechanisms. Compared to these widely adopted link selection mechanisms, the FE-STDMA mechanism can significantly improve the multi-hop delay while ensuring the delivery ratio.

Key words: vehicular networks, mmWave, multi-hop Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V) communication, Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS), link selection

杜旭阳, 张信明. 车载毫米波网络中IRS辅助的多跳V2V链路选择[J]. 计算机工程, 2024, 50(1): 174-182.

Xuyang DU, Xinming ZHANG. IRS-Assisted Multi-Hop V2V Link Selection in mmWave Vehicular Networks[J]. Computer Engineering, 2024, 50(1): 174-182.

https://www.ecice06.com/CN/Y2024/V50/I1/174

图/表 10

图1 智能反射面辅助的多跳V2V网络模型

Fig.1 IRS-assisted multi-hop V2V network model

图2 直接链路与反射链路

Fig.2 Direct links and reflected links

图3 时隙结构

Fig.3 The structure of time slot

图4 链路选择机制流程

Fig.4 Procedure of the link selection mechanism

图5 交付率随车辆密度的变化情况

Fig.5 The variation of delivery rate with vehicle density

图6 时延随车辆密度的变化情况

Fig.6 The variation of time delay with vehicle density

图7 交付率随车辆速度的变化情况

Fig.7 The variation of delivery rate with vehicle speed

图8 时延随智能反射面边长的变化情况

Fig.8 The variation of time delay with the side length of IRS

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