摘要： 量子查找算法是一种利用波的特性进行查找的新方法，它以量子位作为描述问题 的基本信息单位，为 NP-完全问题的解决提供了一种有效的途径。量子查找算法的主要特 点 是查找的高度并行性、非结构化查找和巨大的信息存储容量。该文介绍了量子查找的基 本思 想；综述了量子查找的典型实例及其广泛应用；分析了量子查找算法的特点及其与传 统算法 的关系；指出了量子计算目前存在的问题；最后对量子计算的发展前景进行展望。

关键词: 量子计算, 量子查找算法, 量子计算机

Abstract: Quantum search algorithm is a new method using the features of waves to perform searching, which uses qubit as its basic information unit to descri b e problems, and provides an effective approach for the solution of NP-complete p roblems. Quantum search algorithm has the primary characteristics of high par all el searching, unstructured searching, and gigantic memory. In this paper, an int roduction of the fundamental principles of quantum search algorithm is give n tog ether with some typical examples and their wide applications, followed by an ana lysis of the feature of quantum search algorithm and a comparison with cl assical algorithm. Difficulties in realizing quantum computation are also menti oned tog ether with possible strategies for overcoming them. Finally the prospec t of the development of quantum search algorithm is presented.

中图分类号: 

• TP301.6