摘要： 对近几年量子计算机从实验室走向实用化的重要进展作了一个简要综述。概述了量子计算机的优点，给出了不需要量子交缠的量子计算方法以及量子计算机的程序——量子幺正操作的特性，介绍在克服退相干所带来的困难方面所取得的进展以及大尺度和实用化方面的进展，最后给出概要的评述。

关键词: 量子计算机, 量子幺正操作, 退相干

Abstract: This paper summarizse developments of recent years on quantum computers from experimental to practicable. After introduction of advantages of quantum computers, it gives the algorithms for quantum computation without using quantum entanglement and the character of program for guantum computer——quantum unitary operation.And introduces developments of the ways to overcome the difficulties of de-coherence, and developments on scalable and practicable quantum computers respectively. The last part of the paper is a brief comment.

中图分类号: 

• TP38