摘要： 新能源发电因具有不稳定的特点，给当前微电网的安全稳定运行带来数据集中存储、数据泄露、共享困难等问题。结合区块链的分布式架构、数据安全透明可追溯、去中心化等特点，设计一个微电网数据安全共享方案。在初始化阶段，用户需要完成账户注册并将智能电表接入数据采集器，利用改进的ElGamal加密算法对采集的数据进行加密，将打包好的数据区块对外广播，发起共识，采用积分取代传统区块链共识机制中的代币进行流通，待各节点达成共识后将数据包存储在链下数据库中，并将其存储地址返回至链上进行存储。数据共享的实现则需查询方提交访问申请，智能合约自动执行完成数据的共享。实验结果表明，该方案能够有效抵御51%攻击、内部攻击、修改攻击等，算法效率较传统算法提高3倍，且系统开销不足165p，交易吞吐量最高接近300 tx/s，明显提高了交易速率并保证数据的安全共享。

关键词: 微电网, 区块链, ElGamal加密算法, 积分, 数据安全共享

Abstract: The instability of new energy power generation brings problems such as centralized data storage, data leakage and sharing difficulties to the operation of microgrid.This paper proposes a secure data sharing scheme for microgrid based on the features of blockchain, including the distributed architecture, the transparent and traceable data, and decentralization.In the initialization stage, the user needs to complete the account registration, and connect the smart meter to the data collector.Then an improved ElGamal encryption algorithm is used to encrypt the collected data.The packed data blocks are broadcast to the network, and a consensus is started.In the consensus stage, integration is used to replace the token in the traditional consensus mechanism of blockchain for circulation.After reaching consensus among nodes, the packets of data are stored in the off-chain database, and the data address is returned to the chain for storage.To implement data sharing, a request of access should be submitted, and then smart contract will automatically perform the corresponding operations.The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can resist 51% of attacks, internal attacks and modification attacks.Its efficiency is 3 times higher than that of traditional algorithms and the maximal transaction throughput reaches almost 300 tx/s, while the system overhead is less than 165p.The scheme can significantly improve the transaction speed and ensure secure data sharing.

Key words: microgrid, blockchain, ElGamal encryption algorithm, integration, secure data sharing

中图分类号: 

• TP309.2