摘要：

大型自然灾害应急物资分配是展开受灾点应急救援的基础, 主要研究如何对受自然灾害地点周边的应急物资进行合理调配, 尽快从各个储备站将应急物资输送到受灾点, 保障事故救援顺利进行。然而, 已有研究大多局限于单个阶段的应急物资分配, 过于强调应急响应的时效性而忽视了物资消耗的连续性。为此, 构建了一种面向多储备站、多种应急物资、多受灾点、多阶段连续分配应急物资的多目标分配模型, 并分析推演了满足物资阶段内连续消耗的约束条件, 基于非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA)和启发式策略设计了一种应对大型自然灾害的应急物资多目标分配算法。仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性。实验结果表明, 所提算法可以同时兼顾大型自然灾害应急响应的连续性和时效性要求, 为大型自然灾害应急救援提供更多且更优的应急物资分配方案。

关键词: 应急物资连续分配, 多目标优化, 非支配排序遗传算法, 启发式策略, 可持续灾害供应链

Abstract:

In large-scale natural disasters, emergency relief focuses on how to reasonably allocate emergency supplies around the natural disaster-stricken sites to expeditiously deliver the supplies from various reserve stations to ensure smooth implementation of accidental relief. However, most existing studies are limited to the distribution of emergency materials at a single stage, placing an inordinate emphasis on the timeliness of the emergency response and neglecting the continuity of material consumption. To this end, this study constructs a multi-objective allocation model for the continuous allocation of emergency supplies to multiple reserve stations, emergency supplies, and disaster points, in multiple stages, to analyze and deduce the constraints that satisfy the continuous consumption of supplies within each stage. Subsequently, a multi-objective allocation algorithm based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and a heuristic strategy is proposed for large-scale natural disaster emergency materials. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified through simulation experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm simultaneously considers the continuity and timelines requirements of large-scale natural disaster emergency responses and can provide better emergency material allocation in increasing supplies for large-scale natural disaster emergency relief.

Key words: continuous allocation of emergency supplies, multi-objective optimization, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm(NSGA), heuristic strategy, sustainable disaster supply chains