基于DeFi消息传递机制的跨链交易关联方法

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0068644

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

跨链桥作为一种新型区块链基本服务, 实现了区块链间的资产和数据流通, 极大地促进了区块链去中心化金融(DeFi)的建设。然而在实际应用过程中, 由于跨链桥的交易不透明与资产难追踪问题, 许多犯罪分子开始将跨链技术作为一种洗钱手段, 在链间进行非法资产的转移。因此, 跨链交易追踪问题正逐渐成为学术界与相关监管部门关注的焦点。现有方法主要通过规则匹配的启发式算法来实现跨链交易的关联, 这种方法虽能有效匹配特定区块链间的交易, 但仅面向中心化金融(CeFi)跨链桥服务, 且高度依赖于中心化的内部应用程序编程接口(API), 难以广泛支持多种跨链桥的交易关联。为解决以上问题, 提出一种面向DeFi跨链桥服务的交易关联方法。根据跨链桥消息传递机制获取源链的存款事件日志, 并基于专家规则提取关键跨链信息, 利用数据爬取技术构造目标链交易搜索空间。在此基础上, 通过多种业务规则实现跨链交易的关联。实验结果表明, 该方法在Celer cBridge、Multichain和Poly Network这3座跨链桥的真实交易数据集(以太坊为源链, 币安智能链为目标链)上准确率分别达到93.6%、95.3%和91.6%, 具有较好的关联效果。

关键词: 跨链交易关联, 去中心化金融跨链桥服务, 启发式算法, 消息传递机制, 交易追踪

Abstract:

As a new type of foundational blockchain service, cross-chain bridges realize the circulation of assets and data between blockchains, significantly advancing the development of Decentralized Finance(DeFi). However, in practical applications, the opacity of cross-chain bridge transactions and the difficulty in tracking assets have led many criminals to exploit cross-chain technology for money laundering, transferring illegal assets between chains. As a result, cross-chain transaction tracking has become a focal point for academic circles and regulatory authorities. Existing methods primarily use heuristic algorithms for rule matching to associate cross-chain transactions. While effective for matching transactions between specific blockchains, these methods are primarily designed for Centralized Finance(CeFi) cross-chain bridge services and rely heavily on centralized internal Application Programming Interfaces(API), limiting their ability to broadly support multiple cross-chain bridges for transaction association. To address these limitations, this study proposes a transaction association method tailored for DeFi cross-chain bridges services. The method obtains the deposit event log from the source chain based on the cross-chain bridge messaging mechanism and extracts key cross-chain information using expert rules. A target chain transaction search space was then constructed using data crawling technology. Cross-chain transactions were associated through the application of multiple business rules. The method was validated on real transaction datasets from three cross-chain bridges: Celer cBridge, Multichain, and Poly Network. The accuracy rates were 93.6%, 95.3%, and 91.6%, respectively, demonstrating high association accuracy.

Key words: cross-chain transaction association, Decentralized Finance(DeFi) cross-chain bridge service, heuristic algorithm, message-passing mechanism, transaction tracking

林丹, 郑梓烨, 付齐双, 吴嘉婧, 郑子彬. 基于DeFi消息传递机制的跨链交易关联方法[J]. 计算机工程, 2024, 50(10): 61-68.

LIN Dan, ZHENG Ziye, FU Qishuang, WU Jiajing, ZHENG Zibin. Cross-chain Transaction Association Method Based on DeFi Message-passing Mechanism[J]. Computer Engineering, 2024, 50(10): 61-68.

https://www.ecice06.com/CN/Y2024/V50/I10/61

图/表 10

图1 跨链交易抽象模型

Fig.1 Cross-chain transaction abstract model

图2 算法整体流程

Fig.2 The overall algorithm workflow

图3 解析源链deposit获得的关键信息

Fig.3 Key information obtained by parsing source chain deposits

图4 爬取目标链候选withdraw获得的信息

Fig.4 Information obtained by scraping candidate withdraw on the target chain

图5 跨链交易关联网站首页

Fig.5 Homepage of cross-chain transaction association website

图6 跨链交易关联可视化图

Fig.6 Visualization diagram of cross-chain transaction association

参考文献 24

1	袁勇, 王飞跃. 区块链技术发展现状与展望. 自动化学报, 2016, 42(4): 481- 494.
	YUAN Y, WANG F Y. Blockchain: the state of the art and future trends. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2016, 42(4): 481- 494.
2	王辉, 毕成玉, 申自浩, 等. 面向移动群智感知的两阶段位置隐私保护方法. 吉林大学学报(理学版), 2023, 61(5): 1123- 1130.
	WANG H, BI C Y, SHEN Z H, et al. Two-stage location privacy protection method for mobile crowd sensing. Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition), 2023, 61(4): 915- 921.
3	欧阳丽炜, 王帅, 袁勇, 等. 智能合约: 架构及进展. 自动化学报, 2019, 45(3): 445- 457.
	OUYANG L W, WANG S, YUAN Y, et al. Smart contracts: architecture and research progresses. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2019, 45(3): 445- 457.
4	XU X F. Towards automated migration for blockchain-based decentralized application[C]//Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering. New York, USA: ACM Press, 2020: 155-157.
5	沈蒙, 车征, 祝烈煌, 等. 区块链数字货币交易的匿名性: 保护与对抗. 计算机学报, 2023, 46(1): 125- 146.
	SHEN M, CHE Z, ZHU L H, et al. Anonymity in blockchain digital currency transactions: protection and confrontation. Chinese Journal of Computers, 2023, 46(1): 125- 146.
6	慢雾科技. 2023上半年区块链安全与反洗钱报告[EB/OL]. [2023-07-03]. https://www.slowmist.com/report/first-half-of-the-2023-report(CN).pdf.
	Slowmist. Blockchain security and anti-money laundering report for the first half of 2023[EB/OL]. [2023-07-03]. https://www.slowmist.com/report/first-half-of-the-2023-report(CN).pdf. (in Chinese)
7	LIN D Y, WU J J, FU Q S, et al. Towards understanding crypto money laundering in web3 through the lenses of Ethereum heists[EB/OL]. [2023-07-03]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.14748.
8	Elliptic. The state of cross-chain crime[EB/OL]. [2023-07-03]. https://www.elliptic.co/resources/state-of-cross-chain-crime-2023.
9	Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering(FATF). Virtual assets: targeted update on implementation of the FATF standards on virtual assets/VASPs[EB/OL]. [2023-07-03]. https://www.fatf-gafi.org/en/publications/Fatfrecommendations/Targeted-update-virtual-assets-vasps.html.
10	WU Z Y, LIU J L, WU J J, et al. TRacer: scalable graph-based transaction tracing for account-based blockchain trading systems. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2023, 18, 2609- 2621. doi: 10.1109/TIFS.2023.3266162
11	SZABO N. Formalizing and securing relationships on public networks[EB/OL]. [2023-07-03]. https://nakamotoinstitute.org/library/formalizing-securing-relationships/.
12	吴嘉婧, 刘洁利, 林丹, 等. 区块链交易网络研究综述. 中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 60(5): 1- 12.
	WU J J, LIU J L, LIN D, et al. Blockchain transaction networks: a survey. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2021, 60(5): 1- 12.
13	何帅, 黄襄念, 陈晓亮. 区块链跨链技术发展及应用研究综述. 西华大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 40(3): 1- 14.
	HE S, HUANG X N, CHEN X L. The research summary of the development and application of blockchain cross-chain technology. Journal of Xihua University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 40(3): 1- 14.
14	DUAN L, SUN Y Y, NI W, et al. Attacks against cross-chain systems and defense approaches: a contemporary survey. CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 2023, 10(8): 1647- 1667.
15	LI L T, LIANG Y J, LIU Z H, et al. Understanding solidity event logging practices in the wild[C]//Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. New York, USA: ACM Press, 2023: 300-312.
16	JIAO J, KAN S L, LIN S W, et al. Semantic understanding of smart contracts: executable operational semantics of solidity[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. Washington D. C., USA: IEEE Press, 2020: 1695-1712.
17	ZHANG Z Y, YIN J Y, HU B, et al. CLTracer: a cross-ledger tracing framework based on address relationships. Computers & Security, 2022, 113, 102558.
18	YOUSAF H, KAPPOS G, MEIKLEJOHN S. Tracing transactions across cryptocurrency ledgers[C]//Proceedings of the USENIX Conference on Security Symposium. [S. l. ]: USENIX Association, 2019: 837-850.
19	LEE S S, MURASHKIN A, DERKA M, et al. SoK: not quite water under the bridge: review of cross-chain bridge hacks[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency. Washington D. C., USA: IEEE Press, 2023: 1-14.
20	ZHANG J S, GAO J B, LI Y, et al. Xscope: hunting for cross-chain bridge attacks[C]//Proceedings of the 37th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering. New York, USA: ACM Press, 2022: 1-4.
21	Celer Team. FAQ: how is the bridge fee calculated?[EB/OL]. [2023-07-03]. https://cbridge-docs.celer.network/reference/faq#how-long-does-it-take-to-complete-a-cross-chain-transfer.
22	Celer Team. FAQ: how long does it take to complete a cross-chain transfer?[EB/OL]. [2023-07-03]. https://cbridge-docs.celer.network/reference/faq#how-is-the-bridge-fee-calculated.
23	Wood Gavin. Ethereum: a secure decentralized generalized transaction ledger[EB/OL]. [2023-07-03]. https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf.
24	Binance. Introducing BNB chain: the evolution of binance smart chain[EB/OL]. [2023-07-03]. https://www.binance.com/en/blog/ecosystem/introducing-bnb-chain-the-evolution-of-binance-smart-chain-421499824684903436.

[1]	周春雷, 宋继勐, 沈子奇, 余晗, 雷杰, 林兵. 数联网标识解析系统中的标识数据布局策略[J]. 计算机工程, 2024, 50(6): 311-320.
[2]	刘博宇, 梁承姬, 王钰. 特大型城市地下物流多层级网络优化研究[J]. 计算机工程, 2023, 49(12): 311-320.
[3]	黄金瑶, 刘同来, 吴嘉鑫, 武继刚. 多周期家庭护理的路径规划与调度算法[J]. 计算机工程, 2022, 48(7): 292-299.
[4]	耿海军, 张伟, 尹霞. 基于混合软件定义网络的路由保护算法[J]. 计算机工程, 2020, 46(6): 209-215.
[5]	龙恳, 钱美伶, 余翔, 陈侃. 一种基于网络切片的带宽资源编排算法[J]. 计算机工程, 2019, 45(10): 78-83.
[6]	许磊,顾进广,何亨. 基于SDN架构的网络能耗与性能动态调节机制[J]. 计算机工程, 2018, 44(4): 108-114.
[7]	郭羽含,杨晓翠. 绿色供应链网络构建的双阶段综合优化方法[J]. 计算机工程, 2016, 42(10): 192-200.
[8]	刘文锋. 一种基于最小能耗的手机传感调度算法[J]. 计算机工程, 2015, 41(6): 83-89.
[9]	徐超,曾学文,郭志川. 基于资源预测的智能终端资源缓存算法[J]. 计算机工程, 2015, 41(3): 59-63.
[10]	凌权,李枚毅. 无线Mesh网络中骨干节点部署算法研究[J]. 计算机工程, 2015, 41(11): 147-152.
[11]	高圣巍,彭超. 一种改进的邻接关系可查询压缩算法[J]. 计算机工程, 2015, 41(1): 61-64.
[12]	李静梅,王雪,韩启龙. 一种异构多核处理器启发式综合任务调度算法[J]. 计算机工程, 2014, 40(8): 242-245,252.
[13]	秦天保，彭嘉瑶，沙梅. 基于约束规划的岸桥与集卡集成调度[J]. 计算机工程, 2014, 40(5): 196-202.
[14]	赖河蒗, 陈红英, 赖博先, 柯万添. 基于回答集编程的Banks选举求解方法[J]. 计算机工程, 2013, 39(8): 266-269.
[15]	胡, 珊, 林, 丹. 求解CARP-RP-ML问题的改进算法[J]. 计算机工程, 2012, 38(7): 168-170.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容