基于单纯形法的无网格超大规模MIMO信道估计

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0069412

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对超大规模多输入多输出(XL-MIMO)系统利用极域稀疏性进行的网格信道估计所引起的网格上采样点的估计误差问题, 提出一种基于单纯形法的无网格近场信道估计算法。首先使用极域变换矩阵替换传统离散傅里叶变换(DFT)矩阵对近场信道进行极域稀疏表示, 再利用极域同步正交匹配追踪(P-SOMP)的近场信道估计算法进行高效的初步估计。但由角度和距离联合产生的极域变换矩阵维度较大且列正交性较差, 极域远场信道会导致能量泄露, 因此进一步利用单纯形法对初步估计的结果进行基于最大似然原理的无网格精确估计, 从而提高估计精度。仿真结果表明, 基于单纯形法的无网格近场信道估计算法相比于传统P-SOMP算法的信道估计精度具有一定程度的提升。

关键词: 超大规模多输入多输出, 无网格, 近场, 信道估计, 单纯形法

Abstract:

This paper proposes an off-grid near-field channel estimation algorithm based on the simplex method to address the estimation error problem of sampling points on the grid caused by grid channel estimation using polar-domain sparsity in eXtremely Large-scale Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (XL-MIMO) systems. First, a polar-domain transformation matrix is used to replace the traditional Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix for the sparse representation of near-field channels. The Polar-domain Simultaneous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (P-SOMP) algorithm is then employed for an efficient initial estimation. However, because of the large dimensions and poor column orthogonality of the polar-domain transformation matrix generated jointly from the angle and distance, energy leakage occurs in the polar far-field channels. Therefore, the simplex method is further utilized to achieve precise off-grid estimation based on the maximum likelihood principle, thereby improving the estimation accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate that the off-grid near-field channel estimation algorithm based on the simplex method enhances the estimation accuracy compared to the traditional P-SOMP algorithm.

Key words: eXtremely Large-scale Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (XL-MIMO), off-grid, near-field, channel estimation, simplex method

何添翼, 曹海燕, 吉杨锐, 许方敏. 基于单纯形法的无网格超大规模MIMO信道估计[J]. 计算机工程, 2025, 51(9): 379-386.

HE Tianyi, CAO Haiyan, JI Yangrui, XU Fangmin. Off-Grid Channel Estimation for Extremely Large Scale MIMO Based on Simplex Method[J]. Computer Engineering, 2025, 51(9): 379-386.

https://www.ecice06.com/CN/Y2025/V51/I9/379

图/表 5

图1 基于混合预编码的XL-MIMO系统模型

Fig.1 XL-MIMO system model based on hybrid precoding

图2 归一化均方误差与距离之间关系

Fig.2 The relationship between normalized mean square error and distance

图3 NMSE性能与SNR的比较

Fig.3 Comparison of NMSE performance and SNR

图4 NMSE性能与导频长度Q的比较

Fig.4 Comparison of NMSE performance and pilot length Q

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