区块链共识机制综述

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0059070

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 区块链能够有效融合物联网、5G、大数据和人工智能等技术，在新型基础设施建设中具有重要作用。共识机制作为区块链的核心技术，能够保障区块链数据库的一致性和正确性，从而决定区块链的安全性、扩展性、吞吐量等相关性能。根据区块链共识机制的技术路线，将其细分为3类单一共识机制和6类混合共识机制。从原理实现角度，系统描述共识机制的理论技术，归纳节点达成一致所需的运算操作并评价共识机制的优缺点。从工程应用角度，具体分析共识机制的应用情况，介绍区块链项目并对比共识机制的关键性能。针对现有共识机制研究中存在的能耗与效率问题给出相应的解决方案，并对其奖惩制度、网络分片与存储分片技术等下一步研究方向进行展望。

关键词: 区块链, 共识机制, 拜占庭容错, 分布式系统, 一致性

Abstract: Blockchain can effectively connect the Internet of Things,5G,big data,artificial intelligence and other technologies,playing an important role in new infrastructure construction.As the core of blockchain technology,the consensus mechanism determines the consistency and correctness of the blockchain databases,and thus determines the security,extensibility and throughout of blockchain.This paper categorizes the existing consensus mechanisms of blockchain into three types of single consensus mechanisms and six types of mixed consensus mechanisms.From the perspective of principle realization,it systematically describes the principles of each kind of consensus mechanism,their advantages and disadvantages,and the operations required for the consistency of inductive nodes.From the perspectives of engineering applications,it analyzes the application scenarios of the consensus mechanisms,introduces blockchain projects,and compares the key performance between consensus mechanisms.Finally,it gives the solutions to the problems of energy consumption and efficiency faced by existing consensus mechanism studies,and discusses the further research directions including the reward and punishment mechanism,network slicing and storage slicing.

Key words: blockchain, consensus mechanism, Byzantine Fault Tolerance(BFT), distributed system, consistency

中图分类号:

TP302.8

谭敏生, 杨杰, 丁琳, 李行健, 夏石莹. 区块链共识机制综述[J]. 计算机工程, 2020, 46(12): 1-11.

TAN Minsheng, YANG Jie, DING Lin, LI Xingjian, XIA Shiying. Review of Consensus Mechanism of Blockchain[J]. Computer Engineering, 2020, 46(12): 1-11.

http://www.ecice06.com/CN/Y2020/V46/I12/1

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