基于RS和BCH码的SRAM-PUF密钥提取方法及性能分析

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0068443

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物理不可克隆函数(PUF)是芯片制造过程中随机偏差形成的唯一和不可复制的物理指纹, 使用这个特征可以鉴别各个芯片, 然而PUF芯片因环境变化会影响输出, 导致在认证应用时可能失败。介绍了模糊提取器的密钥提取方法, 通过在静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)-PUF芯片中加入里德-所罗门(RS)硬解码, 在认证系统中加入BCH软解码模块, 纠正PUF在一定范围内变化来确保通过认证, 并对SRAM-PUF电路在三温下进行实验分析。实验结果表明, SRAM-PUF电路的PUF点分布有较好的均衡性, 在常温时可靠性接近100%, 在低温条件下可靠性范围为98.84%~100%, 在高温条件下, 可靠性范围为97.77%~99%, 当RS码和BCH码设计的纠错能力大于PUF可靠性时能够通过认证。

关键词: 物理不可克隆函数, 静态随机存取存储器, 模糊提取器, 里德-所罗门码, BCH码

Abstract:

The Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a unique and nonreplicable physical fingerprint formed by random deviations during chip manufacturing that can be used to identify individual chips. However, PUF chips may fail in authentication applications owing to environmental changes, which affect their output. This paper introduces a key extraction method for fuzzy extractors. By adding Reed-Solomon (RS) hard decoding to a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)-PUF chip and a BCH soft decoding module to the authentication system, changes in the PUF within a certain range are corrected to ensure authentication. The performance of the SRAM-PUF circuit at three temperatures is analyzed experimentally. The results show that the PUF point distribution of the SRAM-PUF circuit exhibits good balance, with the reliability approaching 100% at room temperature, 98.84%-100% at low temperature, and 97.77%-99% at high temperature. Certification is passed when the error-correction ability of the RS and BCH codes exceeds that of the PUF.

Key words: Physical Unclonable Function(PUF), Static Random Access Memory(SRAM), fuzzy extractor, Reed-Solomon(RS) code, BCH code

周昱, 于宗光. 基于RS和BCH码的SRAM-PUF密钥提取方法及性能分析[J]. 计算机工程, 2024, 50(7): 187-193.

Yu ZHOU, Zongguang YU. SRAM-PUF Key Extraction Method and Performance Analysis Based on RS and BCH Codes[J]. Computer Engineering, 2024, 50(7): 187-193.

https://www.ecice06.com/CN/Y2024/V50/I7/187

图/表 12

图1 PUF密钥提取过程

Fig.1 Extraction process of PUF key

图2 带纠错的PUF密钥生成过程

Fig.2 PUF key generation process with error correction

图3 带纠错的PUF密钥重构过程

Fig.3 PUF key reconstruction process with error correction

图4 RS码解码过程示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of RS code decoding process

图5 SRAM-PUF芯片功能框图

Fig.5 Functional block diagram of SRAM-PUF chip

图6 PUF芯片-主控-软件的总体实验示意图

Fig.6 Overall experimental schematic diagram of PUF chip-main control-software

图7 数据采集结果软件视图

Fig.7 Software view of data acquisition results

图8 数据认证结果软件视图

Fig.8 Software view of data recognition results

图9 10颗芯片的PUF比例

Fig.9 PUF ratio of 10 chips

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