摘要：

分布式电力交易成为电力能源交易的未来发展趋势，区块链凭借其技术特性为分布式电力交易中缺乏监管机制、交易成本过高、信息规则不明等问题提供解决思路。然而，随着分布式电力交易规模逐渐增大，区块链系统吞吐量降低，这也间接限制了分布式电力交易的成交速度。为此，提出一种适用于分布式电力交易的高效安全的区块链共识算法。基于分布式电力交易网络内节点的历史交易特性，使用聚类算法将共识网络规划为多共识集双层网络结构，并采用双层共识流程提升共识的并行性。同时，设计高效的单共识集内领导节点选举策略，可以快速确定表现良好、性能较优的领导节点。最后，引入结合零知识证明与密钥分享的认证方法，进一步降低恶意节点参与共识的可能性。实验结果表明，所提共识算法的抗拜占庭节点数量可以抵御双花攻击等多种区块链攻击，能够显著降低共识通信开销与时延，有效提高系统吞吐量。

关键词: 区块链, 分布式能源交易, 共识算法, 零知识证明, 密钥分享

Abstract:

Distributed power trading is emerging as a future trend in power-energy transactions. Blockchain, by leveraging its technological characteristics, provides a solution to the issues of lack of regulatory mechanisms, high transaction costs, and unclear information rules in distributed power trading. However, as the scale of distributed power trading gradually increases, the throughput of blockchain systems decreases, indirectly limiting the transaction speed of distributed power trading. To address this issue, this paper proposes an efficient and secure blockchain consensus algorithm tailored to distributed power trading. The algorithm is based on the historical transaction characteristics of nodes in the distributed power trading network, using clustering algorithms to organize the consensus network into a dual-layer network structure with multiple consensus sets and employing a dual-layer consensus process to enhance consensus parallelism. Simultaneously, an efficient leader-node election strategy within a single consensus set is designed, allowing for the rapid selection of high-performance leaders. Finally, an authentication method combining zero-knowledge proofs and key sharing is introduced to further reduce the likelihood of malicious nodes participating in the consensus. The experimental results show that the anti-Byzantine node count of the proposed consensus algorithm can resist various blockchain attacks such as double flower attacks, significantly reduce consensus communication overhead and latency, and effectively improve system throughput.

Key words: blockchain, distributed energy trading, consensus algorithm, zero-knowledge proof, key sharing