多层次实用拜占庭容错算法改进

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0066292

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

应用于联盟链的实用拜占庭容错(PBFT)共识算法存在共识节点选择和多节点共识效率较差的问题，为此，提出一种多层次实用拜占庭优化共识算法MS-PBFT。根据节点所属机构的不同对节点进行分组，并将各组内的节点划分为主网层和次网层。引入一种积分机制，根据各节点自身的性能以及在系统中的表现为其赋予初始积分和信誉值，以监督节点在共识过程中的行为，根据初始积分与信誉值对节点进行分类，使其加入不同的层次中。改进上层节点和主节点的选取方式并增加一种弹劾机制，及时更换掉线或存在恶意行为的领导节点，从而保证节点的可靠性同时提高共识效率。通过先在次网层达成局部共识进而在主网层实现全局共识的方式，降低节点的通信复杂度。实验结果表明，与DGPBFT、PBFT、RAFT算法相比，MS-PBFT算法可以提高数据吞吐量并降低共识时延，利用所提节点选举机制，节点的共识成功率可以达到98.6%，且共识效率比PBFT算法平均提高33%。

关键词: 联盟链, 实用拜占庭容错算法, 信誉值, 全局共识, 局部共识

Abstract:

The Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant(PBFT) consensus algorithm that is applied to alliance chains has poor efficiency for consensus node selection and multi-node consensus. Therefore, a multi-storey practical Byzantine optimized consensus algorithm called MS-PBFT is proposed. The nodes are grouped according to their respective organizations, and the nodes in each group are divided into primary and secondary network layers. An integration mechanism is introduced to assign initial points and reputation values to each node based on its performance and performance in the system to monitor the behavior of the node during the consensus process. Nodes are classified based on initial points and reputation values and added to different levels, improving the selection method of upper level nodes and master nodes and adding an impeachment mechanism to timely replace leaders who are offline or have malicious behavior, which ensures the reliability of nodes and improves consensus efficiency. Achieving local consensus at the secondary network layer and achieving global consensus at the primary network layer reduces the communication complexity of nodes. Experimental results show that compared to the DGPBFT, PBFT, and RAFT algorithms, the MS-PBFT algorithm can improve data throughput and reduce consensus latency.Using the proposed node election mechanism, the consensus success rate of nodes can reach 98.6%, and the consensus efficiency is improved by an average of 33% compared to the PBFT algorithm.

Key words: consortium chain, Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance(PBFT) algorithm, reputation value, global consensus, local consensus

王春东, 王翔宇. 多层次实用拜占庭容错算法改进[J]. 计算机工程, 2023, 49(8): 29-36.

Chundong WANG, Xiangyu WANG. Improved Multi-Storey Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Algorithm[J]. Computer Engineering, 2023, 49(8): 29-36.

https://www.ecice06.com/CN/Y2023/V49/I8/29

图/表 11

图1 MS-PBFT共识架构

Fig.1 MS-PBFT consensus architecture

表1 不同节点对应的恶意行为

Table 1 Bad behavior corresponding to different nodes

节点类型	恶意行为
主节点	未在规定时间内完成数据验证和打包；篡改验证结果
上层节点	与最终投票结果不一致；发布虚假投票结果；发起对生产节点的错误弹劾
普通节点	与最终投票结果不一致；对生产节点或上级节点发起错误弹劾

图2 新旧主节点的替换过程

Fig.2 Replacement process of new and old master nodes

图3 节点弹劾过程

Fig.3 Impeachment process of nodes

图4 多层级共识

Fig.4 Multi-level consensus

图5 MS-PBFT共识流程

Fig.5 MS-PBFT consensus procedure

图6 时间与交易数量之间的关系

Fig.6 Relationship between time and transaction volume

图7 共识时延对比结果

Fig.7 Comparison results of consensus delay

图8 节点可靠性对比

Fig.8 Comparison of node reliability

图9 节点信誉值变化过程

Fig.9 Node reputation value change process

图10 节点数据吞吐量变化情况

Fig.10 Changes of data throughput of nodes

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