基于HARQ的能量收集双传感器网络信息年龄研究

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0069764

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面向能量收集双传感器和一个目的地组成的无线传感器状态更新系统, 其中具有有限大小电池的传感器收集能量将感知到的状态更新传输到目标端。提出一种综合考虑感知数据和控制数据传输的两阶段通信策略, 以保证接收端数据信息的新鲜度。目标端使用选择组合的混合自动重传请求(HARQ)将控制数据传输给传感器, 而传感器在此触发下使用最大比例组合的截断HARQ同步感测并向目的地发送相应的状态更新。该系统不仅关注最新感测的数据, 而且关注稳定采集的能量。首先, 研究随机能量达到模型, 给出相应的能量转移矩阵及其稳态概率分布; 其次, 针对感知数据和控制数据分别采用最大比合并和选择合并重传技术, 考虑抢先和非抢先两种传输方案, 推导了信息年龄关于感知概率、能量到达概率和最大传输次数的显式表达; 最后, 数值仿真结果给出了不同网络参数对系统信息年龄的影响, 同时对比了抢先和非抢先传输方案的性能。研究结果表明, 抢先传输方案在一定程度上能够实现较低的信息年龄。

关键词: 信息年龄, 无线传感器网络, 能量收集, 混合自动重传请求, 状态转移矩阵

Abstract:

Oriented toward energy harvesting dual sensors and a destination wireless sensor state update system, wherein sensors with finite size batteries collect energy to transmit sensed state updates to the destination. A two-stage communication strategy that integrates the transmission of sensing and control data is proposed to ensure the freshness of data at the receiving end. Specifically, the target transmits control data to the sensor using a selective combination of Hybrid Automatic Repeat Requests (HARQs), and the sensor is triggered to synchronize sensing and send the corresponding state updates to the destination using a maximum proportional combination of truncated HARQs. The system focuses not only on the latest sensed data but also on steadily collected energy. First, the stochastic energy reach model is investigated, and the corresponding energy transfer matrix and its steady-state probability distribution are obtained. Second, the maximum ratio merging and selective merging retransmission techniques are adopted for sensing data and control data, respectively. Preemptive and nonpreemptive transmission schemes are considered, and the explicit expressions of the Age of Information (AoI) with respect to the probability of sensing, the probability of energy reach, and the maximum number of transmissions are derived. The numerical simulation results demonstrate the effects of different network parameters on the AoI of the system. Additionally, the performance of the preemptive and nonpreemptive transmission schemes are compared. The results reveal that the preemptive transmission scheme can achieve a lower AoI to some extent compared to that achieved by the nonpreemptive transmission scheme.

Key words: Age of Information (AoI), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), energy harvesting, Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), state transition matrix

宋昌昊, 颉满刚, 王倩倩. 基于HARQ的能量收集双传感器网络信息年龄研究[J]. 计算机工程, 2026, 52(1): 356-368.

SONG Changhao, XIE Mangang, WANG Qianqian. Age of Information Study in Energy Harvesting Dual-sensor Network Based on HARQ[J]. Computer Engineering, 2026, 52(1): 356-368.

https://www.ecice06.com/CN/Y2026/V52/I1/356

图/表 12

图1 能量收集无线传感器网络

Fig.1 Energy harvesting wireless sensor networks

图2 抢先方案的AoI变化

Fig.2 AoI evolution of preemptive scheme

图3 非抢先方案AoI的演变过程

Fig.3 The evolution process of non-preemptive scheme AoI

图4 传感器在稳定状态下可实现的平均功率

Fig.4 Achievable average power of sensors under steady states

图5 平均AoI与状态更新生成概率μ

Fig.5 Average AoI and status update generation probability μ

图6 平均AoI与能量到达概率δ

Fig.6 Average AoI and energy arrival probability δ

图7 平均AoI与最大传输次数N_max

Fig.7 Average AoI and maximum number of transmissions N_max

图8 不同μ和N_max情况下的平均AoI与γ_D

Fig.8 Average AoI and γ_D under different μ and N_max

图9 控制链路阈值γ_S对平均AoI的影响

Fig.9 Impact of control link threshold γ_S on average AoI

图10 不同条件下平均AoI的对比

Fig.10 Comparison of average AoI under different conditions

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