摘要： 二维码作为一种高效的信息存储和传输方式，广泛应用于支付、广告和物流等领域。然而，现有二维码隐写技术在噪声和干扰环境下的鲁棒性和隐蔽性尚存不足，难以满足高安全性信息传输的需求。为此，研究提出了一种基于路径规划和像素翻转的鲁棒二维码隐写算法。该算法通过将二维码视为迷宫，结合路径规划算法选择像素进行翻转，确保在不影响二维码正常识别的前提下增强秘密信息的抗干扰能力。在技术实现上，首先设计了路径规划算法用于选择最优像素点，以减少信息嵌入对二维码图像质量的影响；其次，结合像素翻转技术实现秘密信息的嵌入，并分析其在不同噪声条件下的表现。实验采用噪声攻击、图像扰动、物理失真等典型干扰场景对算法进行测试，并以嵌入容量、图像质量以及信息恢复率为评价指标。结果显示，该算法在提高二维码隐写的鲁棒性和隐蔽性方面具有显著优势，适用于信息安全需求较高的场景，同时为二维码隐写技术的进一步发展提供了新的思路。

Abstract: As an efficient information storage and transmission method, QR codes are widely used in payment, advertising and logistics. However, the robustness and steganography of existing QR code steganography techniques in noisy and disturbed environments are still insufficient to meet the needs of high-security information transmission. To this end, a robust QR code steganography algorithm based on path planning and pixel flipping is proposed. The algorithm ensures that the anti-jamming ability of the secret information is enhanced without affecting the normal recognition of the QR code by treating the QR code as a labyrinth and selecting pixels to be flipped in combination with the path planning algorithm. In terms of technical implementation, firstly, a path planning algorithm is designed for selecting the optimal pixel points to reduce the impact of information embedding on the image quality of the QR code; secondly, the embedding of the secret information is realized by combining the pixel flipping technique and analyzing its performance under different noise conditions. The experiments use typical interference scenarios such as noise attack, image perturbation, and physical distortion to test the algorithm, and the embedding capacity, image quality, and information recovery rate are used as evaluation indexes. The results show that the algorithm has significant advantages in improving the robustness and steganography of QR code steganography, which is suitable for the scenarios with high information security requirements, and at the same time provides new ideas for the further development of QR code steganography technology.