Abstract: Formal concept analysis and rough set theory provide two different methods for data analysis and knowledge processing. This paper discusses some basic relationships between the extensions of concepts and the equivalence classes in rough set theory. And by introducing the term of anti-chain formal context, it studies their relation between the two theories more deeply. Finally, the paper studies the relation between the reduction of formal context in concept lattice and attribute reduction in rough set theory

Key words: Formal context; Concept lattice; Rough set; Equivalence classes

摘要： 形式概念分析与粗糙集理论为数据挖掘和知识获取提供了两种不同的方法。该文首先对于形式概念的外延及粗糙集的等价类进行了讨论，给出了它们之间的区别和联系；其次通过引入反链形式背景，对它们之间的关系进行了更进一步的研究；最后给出了形式背景约简和划分约简之间的关系。

关键词: 形式背景；概念格；粗糙集；等价类