基于区块链的公开可验证秘密分享和分布式随机数协议

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0069318

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分布式随机数在多个领域发挥着不可或缺的作用, 然而当前存在的一些分布式随机数协议仍存在优化的空间。区块链作为一种可信的分布式账本, 拥有可计算性、公开透明性和高度自治性的特性。提出一种基于区块链的公开可验证秘密分享(PVSS)方案, 实现秘密份额在区块链上的分发、验证和重构。相较于传统的PVSS方案, 该方案能够实现秘密份额的自动化验证。在此基础上, 提出一种分布式随机数协议, 并以一种流水线的形式对协议进行实现。对该协议进行性质分析和性能测试, 结果表明, 相比于单线程协议, 使用流水线形式的协议能够提升效率。该协议使参与者能够高效地生成具有抗偏向性、不可预测性、公开可验证性等特性的分布式随机数, 可以应用于电子彩票、车牌摇号、权益证明共识算法等场景。

关键词: 区块链, 分布式随机数, 智能合约, 公开可验证秘密分享, 自动化验证

Abstract:

Distributed random numbers play an indispensable role in multiple fields; however, existing distributed randomness beacon protocols can still be optimized. As a trusted distributed ledger, a blockchain has the characteristics of computability, transparency, and high autonomy. A Publicly Verifiable Secret Sharing (PVSS) scheme based on blockchain is proposed to distribute, verify, and reconstruct the shared secrets. Compared with traditional PVSS schemes, the proposed scheme can automatically verify the shared secrets. Accordingly, a distributed randomness beacon protocol is proposed and implemented in a pipeline form. Property analysis and performance testing of the protocol show that compared to single-threaded protocols, using pipeline-based protocols can improve efficiency. This protocol enables participants to efficiently generate distributed random numbers with characteristics such as anti-bias, unpredictability, and public verifiability, which can be applied to scenarios such as electronic lotteries, license plate lotteries, and proof-of-stake consensus algorithms.

Key words: blockchain, distributed random numbers, smart contract, Publicly Verifiable Secret Sharing (PVSS), automatic verification

欧展荣, 张亮, 吴星雨, 马宇航, 周航. 基于区块链的公开可验证秘密分享和分布式随机数协议[J]. 计算机工程, 2025, 51(12): 221-231.

OU Zhanrong, ZHANG Liang, WU Xingyu, MA Yuhang, ZHOU Hang. Blockchain-based Publicly Verifiable Secret Sharing and Distributed Randomness Beacon Protocols[J]. Computer Engineering, 2025, 51(12): 221-231.

https://www.ecice06.com/CN/Y2025/V51/I12/221

图/表 7

图1 基于区块链的公开可验证秘密分享架构

Fig.1 Blockchain-based publicly verifiable secret sharing architecture

图2 基于区块链的分布式随机数协议

Fig.2 Blockchain-based decentralized randomness beacon protocol

图3 不同参与节点数量下的分发数据量大小

Fig.3 The size of distributed data under different numbers of participating nodes

图4 不同参与节点数量下的链上验证所消耗的gas值

Fig.4 The gas consumption of on-chain verification under different numbers of participating nodes

图5 单线程不同门限值下生成随机数所需的时间

Fig.5 The time required to generate random numbers under different threshold values for a single thread

图6 不同线程下生成随机数所需时间

Fig.6 The time required to generate random numbers under different threads

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