摘要：

随着能源行业的数字化转型, 能源区块链在能源数据的存储与检索方面发挥着重要作用。然而, 能源信息数据种类繁多、信息量巨大, 并且涉及市场参与者的商业机密和敏感信息。对于大规模的区块链系统而言, 提高其单位存储负载和保护数据隐私是一项具有挑战性的任务。在未来的应用中, 能源数据的存储模式以及如何对其进行安全检索将成为限制能源区块链发展的主要问题。为此, 提出一种基于能源区块链的链上链下安全检索方案。利用链上链下协同存储技术, 降低链上数据的存储开销, 并利用多链协同隐私保护架构实现不同能源数据的互通共享。将设计加密的查找表作为能源区块链内部数据存储结构, 并设置标志位, 以实现不同来源能源数据的检索。在云端设计一对n的查找表作为加密数据的存储结构, 打破了传统检索过程中查询索引和查询对象之间一对一的关系, 进一步保护数据的隐私和安全性, 实现了能源数据信息的安全检索。实验结果表明, 该方案是可行的, 具有可靠性和高效性。

关键词: 能源交易, 区块链, 链上链下, 多链协同, 数据存储, 安全检索

Abstract:

With the energy industry's digital transformation, energy blockchains play an important role in the storage and retrieval of energy data. However, energy information data are diverse, informative, and involve trade secrets and sensitive information of market participants. Thus, it is challenging for large-scale blockchain systems to increase their unit storage loads while protecting data privacy. In future applications, the storage model and secure retrieval of energy data will be the main issues limiting the development of energy blockchains. Therefore, an on-chain and off-chain secure retrieval scheme based on an energy blockchain is proposed in this paper, which utilizes on-chain and off-chain collaborative storage technology to reduce the storage overhead of on-chain data and a multi-chain collaborative privacy-preserving architecture to achieve interoperability and sharing of different energy data. This scheme designs encrypted lookup tables as the internal data storage structure of energy blockchain and sets flag bits to achieve the retrieval of energy data from different sources; a one-to-n lookup table is designed as the storage structure of encrypted data in the cloud, which breaks the one-to-one relationship between the query index and query object in the traditional retrieval process, thus further protecting the privacy and security of data, and achieving the energy data information. The secure retrieval of energy data information is achieved. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is feasible, reliable, and efficient.

Key words: energy trading, blockchain, on-chain and off-chain, multi-chain collaboration, data storage, secure retrieval