5G Base Station Site Selection Method for Network Coverage and User Demand

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0070560

Computer Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (8): 272-282. doi: 10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0070560

• Next-Generation Networks and Edge Computing • Previous Articles Next Articles

5G Base Station Site Selection Method for Network Coverage and User Demand

YUE Kun¹^,², HUANG Wenhui¹^,², WANG Jiahui¹^,²^,*(), YANG Peizhong¹^,², YANG Xi³, DUAN Liang¹^,²

1. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Systems and Computing, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
2. School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
3. China Mobile Communications Group Yunnan Co., Ltd., Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China

Received:2024-10-31 Revised:2025-01-06 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2025-02-25
Contact: WANG Jiahui

面向网络覆盖和用户需求的5G基站选址方法

岳昆¹^,², 黄文辉¹^,², 王笳辉¹^,²^,*(), 杨培忠¹^,², 杨晰³, 段亮¹^,²

1. 云南大学云南省智能系统与计算重点实验室, 云南昆明 650500
2. 云南大学信息学院, 云南昆明 650500
3. 中国移动通信集团云南有限公司, 云南昆明 650228

通讯作者: 王笳辉
作者简介:
岳昆(CCF高级会员), 男, 教授、博士, 主研方向为不确定性知识表示与推理、数据挖掘
黄文辉, 硕士
王笳辉(CCF会员、通信作者), 助理研究员、博士
杨培忠, 副教授、博士
杨晰, 硕士
段亮, 副教授、博士
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U23A20298); 云南省重大科技专项(202202AD080001); 云南省基础研究专项重点项目(202401AS070138); 云南省重点实验室建设项目(202405AV340009); 云南省基础研究计划面上项目(202201AT070394)

Abstract

Abstract:

The 5G network is a new generation of mobile communication technology characterized by high speed, low latency, large bandwidth, and extensive connectivity, providing an infrastructure for numerous innovative and intelligent applications. However, its high frequency results in limited coverage. Existing base site selection methods fall into local optima, and it is difficult to achieve high coverage at low cost. In this study, an approach for determining 5G base station locations is proposed based on network coverage and user demand, utilizing historical user terminal communication data. First, based on historical user terminal communication data, the concept of mutual exclusion probability between base stations is proposed by considering both the overlap of base station coverage and level of user demand satisfaction. Thus, the likelihood that specific base stations cannot coexist in a given area while meeting user demands is described. Accordingly, a method is presented for calculating mutual exclusion probabilities based on a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) for nonadjacent stations. Furthermore, the concept of base station separation degree is proposed to describe the likelihood of effectively selecting multiple base stations. For the optimization problem of the 5G base station location, the target function is constructed and proven based on the separation degree while satisfying the submodularity property, and a greedy algorithm is provided for the optimal base station location. Experimental results on various scaled datasets show that the proposed method for 5G base station location outperforms other methods in terms of coverage and average user demand satisfaction by 1%—20% and 1%—6%, respectively.

Key words: 5G base station site selection, mutual exclusion probability, Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), submodularity, greedy algorithm

摘要：

5G网络是一种具有高速率、低时延、大带宽和广连接等特点的新一代移动通信技术, 为众多智慧化创新应用提供了基础设施, 其高频特性导致覆盖范围有限。目前以进化算法为代表的基站选址方法容易陷入局部最优, 不能以低成本实现高覆盖率。为此, 提出一种基于网络覆盖和用户需求的5G基站选址方法, 基于用户终端的历史通信数据, 综合考虑基站的覆盖重合程度和用户需求的满足程度, 给出基站之间互斥概率的概念, 描述特定区域内在满足用户需求的前提下基站不能同时存在的可能性。针对非相邻基站间的互斥概率计算问题, 提出基于图卷积网络(GCN)的非相邻基站互斥概率计算方法, 进而给出基站分离度的概念以描述合理选择多个基站站址的可能性。针对5G基站选址这一优化问题, 基于分离度构建满足子模性的目标函数并给出其证明。最后, 提出实现最优选址的贪心算法。在不同规模数据集上的实验结果表明, 所提的5G基站选址方法在覆盖率和平均需求满足程度上分别优于当前最优方法1%~20%和1%~6%。

关键词: 5G基站站址选择, 互斥概率, 图卷积网络, 子模性, 贪心算法

YUE Kun, HUANG Wenhui, WANG Jiahui, YANG Peizhong, YANG Xi, DUAN Liang. 5G Base Station Site Selection Method for Network Coverage and User Demand[J]. Computer Engineering, 2026, 52(8): 272-282.

岳昆, 黄文辉, 王笳辉, 杨培忠, 杨晰, 段亮. 面向网络覆盖和用户需求的5G基站选址方法[J]. 计算机工程, 2026, 52(8): 272-282.

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References 23

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