Abstract: The rapid development of blockchain technology and the rise of cryptocurrencies not only challenge traditional financial and asset management concepts but also introduce significant privacy and security concerns. Coin mixing, a primary privacy protection mechanism in blockchains, is designed to enhance transaction anonymity and protect user identities. However, this enhanced anonymity also enables the misuse of cryptocurrencies for illicit activities such as money laundering, theft, and fraud. Therefore, a comprehensive review of technologies for the identification, detection, and regulation of coin mixing services is urgently required to support law enforcement and promote the secure and compliant use of cryptocurrencies. This paper first reviews the technical principles and mechanisms of coin mixing services and proposes a general classification framework for mixing tools while discussing the criminal activities associated with them. Subsequently, it focuses on recent advances in five key regulatory approaches: manual rule-based methods, address clustering, entity classification, anomalous transaction detection, and mixing service traceability. It also surveys existing industrial tools and platforms related to coin mixing regulations. Finally, it identifies current challenges in the field and suggests directions for future research.

Key words: blockchain, cryptocurrency, coin mixing, privacy protection, regulatory technology

摘要： 区块链技术的迅速发展与加密货币的兴起不仅挑战了传统的金融和资产管理观念,也带来了一系列隐私与安全方面的问题。加密货币混币技术作为区块链隐私保护的主要手段,旨在提升交易的匿名性并保障用户身份的隐私。然而,这种增强的匿名性也使得加密货币成为洗钱、盗窃、欺诈等犯罪活动的工具。因此,亟须全面审视加密货币混币服务的识别、检测与监管技术的研究,以支持执法机构并促进加密货币的安全合规。首先系统梳理了混币服务的技术原理与机制分类,设计了一套通用的混币工具分类体系,详细探讨了混币服务可能引发的犯罪活动;接着重点讨论了基于人工规则、地址聚类、实体分类、异常交易检测和混币服务追溯5种混币监管技术的最新学术研究进展,并总结了现有工业界中与混币监管相关的工具和平台;最后提出了混币监管目前所面临的挑战,为未来的研究方向提供展望。

关键词: 区块链, 加密货币, 混币, 隐私保护, 监管技术

CLC Number: 

• TP311