Abstract: As the demand for data training across industries increases, data has become a key factor of production. Data rights confirmation can clarify data ownership and allocate benefits, preventing unauthorized use. However, the existing schemes have problem such as uncontrollable rights and low efficiency of rights confirmation in rights collection, storage and use. To address in these challenges, this paper proposes a trapdoor hash-based data confirmation scheme for rights-controllable. First, in order to prevent the loss of data right during data transfer, this paper constructs a right confirmation model with the separation of holding, management, and usage rights, thus achieving a refined allocation of rights. Second, Aiming at the problem of uncontrollable generation of management rights of existing correlation algorithms, a data confirmation algorithms based on trapdoor hash is proposed, which realizes controllable generation of data management rights with changes and improves the efficiency of correlation at the same time. In addition, combined with blockchain technology, this paper designs a data transaction mechanism for authorization-traceable, which realizes the non-repudiation and traceability of data transactions by finely controlling the collection and access of data and uploading the corroboration information. Finally, through the security analysis and performance analysis, it is concluded that compared with the traditional scheme, the proposed scheme has advantages in terms of computation and storage overhead while ensuring that the rights signatures cannot be forged.

摘要： 随着各行业数据训练需求的增加，数据已成为关键生产要素。数据确权可明确数据权属并分配利益，防止未经授权的使用。然而，现有确权方案在数据收集、存储和使用等方面存在权属不可控、确权效率较低等问题。为解决以上难题，提出一种基于陷门哈希的权属可控数据确权方案。首先，为防止流转过程中数据所有权丢失，构建了持有权、管理权、使用权三权分离的确权模型，实现权属的精细化划分。其次，针对现有确权算法管理权生成不可控的问题，提出一种基于陷门哈希的数据确权算法，实现数据管理权生成可控与变更的同时，提高了确权的效率。此外，结合区块链技术设计了一种授权可追责的数据交易协议，通过精细化控制数据的收集与访问，并将确权信息上链，实现了数据交易的不可抵赖性和可追溯性。最后，通过安全性分析和性能分析得出，所提方案与传统方案相比，在保证权属签名不可伪造的同时，本方案的计算与存储开销方面具有优势。