Abstract: In the process of maritime informatization, underwater acoustic communication faces challenges such as Doppler shift, limited bandwidth resources, and quantum attacks. Traditional key encapsulation mechanisms cannot meet the complex demands of underwater acoustic communication when addressing these issues. To effectively resolve the aforementioned challenges, an Indistinguishability under Adaptive Chosen-Ciphertext Attack (IND-CCA2) secure N-th Truncated Polynomial Ring Unit (NTRU)-based underwater multicarrier key encapsulation mechanism (DTRM) is first proposed by combining Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology with an NTRU dual encryption scheme, thereby achieving resistance against quantum attacks in the process of underwater acoustic communication. Secondly, to address the challenge of limited bandwidth resources in underwater acoustic communication, a small ciphertext expansion OFDM multicarrier fragmented transmission scheme is proposed, sig-nificantly improving ciphertext transmission efficiency under limited bandwidth. Additionally, in response to the complex attack environment in underwater acoustic communication networks, a Latin square session key structure based on ocean noise is designed during the key generation phase to implement a subsequent dynamic key update mechanism. This mechanism enables secure updates of session keys without recovering the session key and even when partial key fragments are lost, thereby significantly enhancing the system's forward security and robustness. Furthermore, the IND-CCA2 security of the scheme is formally proven. Finally, through experimental verification and analysis, DTRM has improved communication efficiency and achieved quantum-resistant security, significantly enhancing the overall performance of the underwater acoustic encrypted communication system.

摘要： 在海洋信息化进程中，水声通信面临着多普勒频移、带宽资源有限、量子攻击等挑战。传统的密钥封装机制在应对这些问题时无法满足水声通信复杂的需求。为有效解决上述难题，首先利用正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，OFDM）技术结合N 次截断多项式环（N-th Truncated Polynomial Ring Unit，NTRU）双重加密方案提出了一种自适应选择密文攻击(Indistinguishability under Adaptive Chosen-Ciphertext Attack, IND-CCA2)安全的基于NTRU的水下多载波密钥封装机制(DTRM)，从而实现了水声通信过程中的抗量子攻击。其次，针对水声通信带宽资源有限的难题，提出了一种小密文扩展的OFDM多载波分片传输方案，从而显著提升了有限带宽下的密文传输效率。另外，针对水声通信网络中复杂的攻击环境，在密钥生成阶段设计了一种基于海洋噪声的拉丁方会话密钥结构来实现后续动态密钥更新机制，该机制实现了在不恢复会话密钥且存在部分密钥分片丢失的情况下对会话密钥进行安全更新，从而显著提升了系统的前向安全性与鲁棒性。并且形式化证明了方案的IND-CCA2安全性。最后通过实验验证分析，DTRM在通信效率上有所提升，而且还实现了抗量子安全，显著优化了水声加密通信系统的整体性能。