Game Theory Based Cooperative Routing Scheme for 5G Base Station Networks

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0070225

Abstract

Abstract:

5G base stations can establish wireless networks through Integrated Access and Backaul (IAB) technology, which enables the information silos formed by disasters to restore public mobile communication rapidly. However, the link quality between base stations that have suffered blockages is severely weakened, thus degrading system reliability. To solve this problem, this study proposes a Game-theory-based Cooperative Routing (GCR) scheme to improve the reliability of end-to-end packet delivery by motivating base stations to cooperate. First, a coalition formation mechanism is designed based on the coalition game model, where neighboring base stations can form coalitions according to network reachability and coalition scale. Coalition members can share the responsibilities and benefits of packet delivery to protect the reliability of multi-hop paths from random blockages. A policy updating mechanism is then designed based on an evolutionary game model, which enables base stations to adaptively adjust the probability of cooperation to promote the selection of a forwarding policy. Simulation results show that this method performs better in terms of average delay, packet loss, and throughput when suffering from blockages. Especially, the end-to-end effective service rate reaches greater than 95%, which proves that it improves system reliability considerably.

Key words: 5G base station, base station networks, cooperative routing, game theory, Integrated Access and Backaul (IAB)

摘要：

5G基站通过接入回传一体化技术可以构建无线网络, 使得灾后"信息孤岛"区域能够快速恢复公共移动通信服务。针对基站间的通信链路质量遇障碍物遮挡削弱严重, 进而导致系统可靠性低的问题, 提出一种基于博弈论的协作路由(GCR)方法, 通过激励基站协作传输数据提升端到端数据传输可靠性。基于联盟博弈模型设计协作联盟机制, 临近基站间根据网络可达性和联盟规模自主构建协作联盟, 同一联盟节点共同承担数据传输责任的同时共享收益, 减小随机障碍物遮挡对多跳路径可靠性的影响, 并基于演化博弈模型设计协作策略更新机制, 基站根据自身电量消耗自适应调整协作转发概率, 促使基站选择协作转发策略。仿真结果表明, 相比OLSR、AODV等传统无线路由方法, 该方法在随机障碍物场景下具有较优的平均时延、丢包率和吞吐量, 端到端有效服务率始终大于95%, 证明其可有效提高系统可靠性。

关键词: 5G基站, 基站组网, 协作路由, 博弈论, 接入回传一体化

HUANG Wanying, MA Quanfeng, GUI Zhenwen, CHEN Liuwei. Game Theory Based Cooperative Routing Scheme for 5G Base Station Networks[J]. Computer Engineering, 2026, 52(4): 366-375.

黄婉莹, 马全锋, 桂振文, 陈刘伟. 基于博弈论的5G基站组网协作路由方法[J]. 计算机工程, 2026, 52(4): 366-375.

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Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of GCR

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of calculation of coalition profit

Fig.3 Procedure of coalition combination

Fig.4 Procedure of policy updating

Fig.5 Evolution curve of forwarding probability

Fig.6 Coalition-based flooding mechanism

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of network topology

Fig.8 The impact of link failure rate on routing performance

Fig.9 The impact of user rate on routing performance (single node pairs)

Fig.10 The impact of user rate on routing performance (multiple node pairs)

Fig.11 The comparison on the signaling overhead for different routing methods

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