Anomaly Detection for Photovoltaic Based on Improved VMD-XGBoost-BiLSTM Combination Model

doi:10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0067583

Abstract

Abstract:

Photovoltaic is a vital and rapidly developing form of renewable energy generated in China, and anomaly detection is a crucial reference for making decisions on its system operation and maintenance. The abnormal operation status of a photovoltaic system caused by component aging, failure, and other adverse factors affect the power generation efficiency and capacity, which impact the system security and benefits. However, existing solutions have limitations, such as identification of limited types of abnormalities, significantly relying on labeled amount of data, additional costs for model updating, sensitivity to noise and measurement errors, and shortcomings unsuitable for large-scale promotion and deployment. A photovoltaic anomaly detection method based on historical power generation and meteorological monitoring data is proposed to solve this problem. Initially, the preprocessing steps based on spike removal and correlation analysis are used for original data denoising and feature refinement. Next, the Variational Mode Decomposition(VMD) is used to decompose the data into multiple Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) to extract the periodic and nonperiodic characteristics of photovoltaic power generation. Subsequently, an improved VMD-XGBoost-BiLSTM hybrid model is established to precisely and stably predict normal photovoltaic power generation, benefiting from adaptive weighting, Attention mechanism, and improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). Finally, the prediction results are compared to actual data, and thus, abnormalities can be detected based on the proposed rules. The experimental results indicate that compared to a single BiLSTM and XGBoost model, this method reduces the average error by more than 20%, in which 15.67% is contributed by the series of improvement.

Key words: photovoltaic anomaly detection, neural network, Variational Mode Decomposition(VMD), attention mechanism, improved Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)

摘要：

光伏发电是我国大力发展的重要新能源发电形式，其异常检测是为系统运维决策提供依据的重要环节。由组件老化、故障或不良因素造成的光伏系统运行状态异常将直接影响发电效率和能力，进而会对系统安全性和经济效益造成影响。然而，现有检测方法存在识别异常类型不全面、对标注数据数量依赖性强、更新模型成本高、对噪声和测量误差敏感等局限性以及不适合大规模推广部署的缺点。为解决这一问题，提出一种基于历史发电量以及气象监测数据的光伏发电异常检测方法。利用基于异常值去除和相关性分析的预处理步骤去除原始数据中的噪声并筛选最佳特征。通过变分模态分解（VMD）将数据分解成多个模态分量以提取光伏发电量的周期和非周期特征。构建改进VMD-XGBoost-BiLSTM组合模型，利用自适应赋权、Attention机制和改进鲸鱼优化算法的特点完成光伏发电量常态预测。在此基础上，通过与实际测量值进行对比，利用设定的规则进行异常判断。实验结果表明，该方法相较于单一BiLSTM和XGBoost模型平均误差下降幅度超过20%，其中约15.67%的性能提升得益于所提改进措施。

关键词: 光伏发电异常检测, 神经网络, 变分模态分解, 注意力机制, 改进鲸鱼优化算法

Bochao ZHAO, Jiajun MA, Lei CUI, Wenpeng LUAN, Jing ZHU. Anomaly Detection for Photovoltaic Based on Improved VMD-XGBoost-BiLSTM Combination Model[J]. Computer Engineering, 2024, 50(3): 306-316.

赵博超, 马嘉骏, 崔磊, 栾文鹏, 朱静. 基于改进VMD-XGBoost-BiLSTM组合模型的光伏发电异常检测[J]. 计算机工程, 2024, 50(3): 306-316.

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Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1 Original data example

Fig.2 Correlation matrix

Fig.3 Example of photovoltaic generation for sunny days

Fig.4 Correlation matrix with improved features

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of LSTM structure

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of BiLSTM structure

Fig.7 Attention mechanism structure

Fig.8 IWOA optimization procedure

Fig.9 Procedure of photovoltaic anomaly detection method based on improved VMD-XGBoost-BiLSTM combination model

Fig.10 VMD results

Fig.11 Comparison results under different weather conditions

Fig.12 Anomaly detection results

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